By making full use of these principles, you can better design software that caters to people’s needs. Grasping people’s psychology also seizes users.
Some people may say that user behavior is determined by psychology, so the design principles must follow the laws of psychology, which is affirmative. Here, I just explain what psychology knowledge is involved in some design principles that we are familiar with, and what kind of connection they have, so that everyone knows not only the reason, but also the reason.
One, 7 plus and minus 2 principle
Memory is divided into instantaneous memory, short-term memory and long-term memory. Instantaneous memory refers to memory within one second, memory within one minute is called short-term memory, and memory over one minute is called long-term memory.
Among them, the capacity of instantaneous memory is relatively large, and the capacity of short-term memory is only 7 plus or minus 2. People generally use short-term memory when browsing websites or using apps, so there is an interaction principle of 7 plus and minus 2.
In addition to 7 plus and minus 2 for memory, it also has for attention.
The breadth of attention is the number of objects that the consciousness can clearly grasp at the same time. Under a simple task, the breadth of attention is about 7 plus or minus 2. Therefore, both short-term memory and attention are 7 plus or minus 2.
Two， 3 effects of impression
The three effects of impression are: primary cause effect, recency effect and halo effect .
In the process of impression formation, the order in which information appears has an important influence on impression formation. The influence of the information acquired initially is greater than the influence of the information acquired later, which is the primary cause effect. The phenomenon that the influence of the newly acquired information is greater than the influence of the information acquired is the proximate effect.
When we are designing, we usually emphasize the importance of the first screen-we must put important content on the first screen, so that users can quickly find the content they want to find, so that users can form a good impression at first, and continue to use them. In the process, an excellent micro-interaction can allow users to quickly improve their goodwill, which is to take advantage of the proximity effect.
The so-called halo effect is also called the halo effect. Once an individual has formed a biased impression of certain qualities of the cognitive object, he will evaluate other qualities of the cognitive object with this tendency. The halo effect is a generalized phenomenon that occurs without people’s consciousness. Because of its function, one advantage or disadvantage will be magnified, and other advantages or disadvantages will be hidden behind the halo and ignored.
Therefore, when we are designing, we must have our own characteristics and form our own halo, so that even if there are flaws, users will turn a blind eye.
Three, follow the crowd
Conformity is a phenomenon in which individuals voluntarily align with the majority in the group in terms of cognition, judgment, beliefs, and behaviors under group pressure. Conformity is commonly known as “following the crowd”, which manifests itself in the opinions and behaviors of individuals and the group. Most of the people match.
When we are designing, the most important thing we need to do is to let users follow the crowd.
P2P websites will be very eye-catching remind users that hundreds of millions of people have invested in this, allowing users to “follow the trend”, shopping sites will be very eye-catching remind users that thousands of people have bought this product, allowing users to “follow the trend” flow”.
Then you need to understand what factors affect the herd:
Group factor
The higher the consistency of the group members, the greater the group pressure that the individual faces, and the easier it is for the individual to produce herd behavior; the greater the cohesion of the group, the stronger the attraction to the individual, and the easier it is for the individual to produce herd behavior.
Within a certain range, the possibility of an individual’s herd behavior increases with the increase of the group size, but beyond this range, the influence of the group size is not obvious.
Studies have shown that the critical value of the group size is about 3-4 people.
Individual personality factors
The lower the individual’s self-evaluation, the easier it is to follow the crowd; the higher the individual’s dependence, the easier it is to follow the crowd.
Contextual clarity
If the situation is ambiguous, the lower the degree of certainty of the individual’s own judgment, the possibility of conformity will increase.
other factors
Gender, intelligence and other factors also have a certain impact on the conformity, but no obvious and definite relationship between these factors and the conformity has been found.
Four, hint
Suggestion refers to the influence of language, facial expressions, postures and actions on the psychology and behavior of others under non-confrontational conditions, so that they can accept the suggester’s opinions and opinions or act in the suggested way.
When we are designing, I will use hints to guide users to operate. Graying the button implies that you cannot click; putting the content together implies a certain relevance; the item flies to the shopping cart, which implies that it is added to the shopping cart.
As a shopping site, good hints can increase the shopping rate; games make good use of hints, allowing users to buy more equipment. The factors that affect the suggestion are as follows:
The power, prestige, social status and personality charm of the suggester have a significant impact on the on-time effect:
- If the implied person has poor independence, lack of self-confidence, and low level of knowledge, then the suggestion effect will be obvious.
- The age and gender of the implied person are also related to the effect of the suggestion. The younger the age, the easier it is to accept the suggestion. Generally, women are more likely to be suggested than men.
The situation of the implied person is the objective environment in which the suggestion takes effect: when an individual is in a difficult situation and lacks social support, it is often easy to accept the suggestion.
Five, meet the development of different age stages
According to the division of psychology on the stages of human development, there are a total of 8 stages. Each stage has different development tasks and good personality characteristics. No matter what we design, there are target populations and are tailored to the characteristics of different target populations. , Can design targeted functions and features, and has won the favor of relevant personnel.
